A. ReadingA
About
you
1.
Which of the following items is the product of
new technology?
a. 
Microchip
Microchip
b.
Steam Engine
c.
The wheel
d.
Bicycle
2.
Mention, at least, three products of new
technology you know well.
Smartphone,
Fuel Injection, Smart TV
3.
Can the introduction of new technology increase
employment?
Yes or No
Your reason: The introduction of new technology will not increase the employment but
change the job organization and content to intellectual worker.
Before reading
1.
Based on your knowledge, map the words that
relate the information included in the text you will read. Use the web below.
2.
Based on your prediction, what information do
you expect from the text you will read?
The
text will provide the information about the effects of the introduction of new
technology. Especially on the employment and economy aspect. The introduction
of new technology will change the structure of job organization. The
intellectual workers will replace the heavy physical workers.
New
Technology and Economy
It has all happened before –the hostility- the suspicion-the
resistance to change following the introduction of new technology-whether it be
steam power, electricity or, as now, micro-electronics.
Essentially there is no difference between the technological
developments which are changing our lives today and earlier technical and
scientific innovations, says Wolf Dieter Lindner, employer member of the ILO’s
Governing Body. In an interview with ILO Information he stressed that it “is
only the pace and scope of development of new technology that are
extraordinary. However, its applications and hence the impact on the economy
and the workforce are rather of an evolutionary character.”
In discussing the impact of new technology on productivity and
employment, working conditions, job skills and training. Mr. Lindner-who is
Director of Confederation of German Employers’ Association and Head of its International
Social Policy Department-emphasizes that the importance of technical progress
for the economy lies primarily in its capacity to increase productivity and
thus reduce costs.
Introduction essential
Once new technology has been developed, it is an adapt-or-die
situation enterprises and countries. Its introduction becomes essential for sustaining economic
performance and competitiveness and hence for maintaining a satisfactory level
of employment.
The use of new technology brings about structural changes through
investments, which are constantly occurring in any economy.
The capital invested in machinery and equipment has always been
undergoing renewal in any economies, and in the process available new
technology has continually been introduced.
Furthermore, there is no reason to assume that current unemployment
is the result of the introduction of new technology. In every economy, jobs are
constantly being lost as a result of changes in demand and supply, while at the
same time new jobs are being created.
Other factors
He explains that the
present shortage of newly created jobs is essentially due to the fact that in
past years investments serving to raise productivity were insufficient and many
types of production ceased to be profitable as a result of excessively high
labor costs and were partly taken over by low-wage countries. The main reasons
for the lack investment were insufficient returns and profit expectations in
companies as well as state intervention in the economy, which reduced the
capacity of companies to react in a flexible manner to change occurring in the
market.
Turning to working conditions, Mr. Lindner says
that the increasing use of new technology will bring about significant changes
in job organization and content and he foresees certain trends which include a
reduction in monotonous, unhealthy and heavy physical labor while intellectual
demands will rise and willingness for teamwork, together with the increased
communication that this entails, will play an increasingly important role.
Teknologi Baru
dan Ekonomi
Hal ini semua terjadi sebelum-permusuhan-kecurigaan-resistensi terhadap perubahan setelah pengenalan teknologi baru-apakah itu tenaga uap, listrik atau, seperti sekarang, mikro-elektronik.
Pada dasarnya tidak ada perbedaan antara perkembangan teknologi yang mengubah kehidupan kita hari ini dan inovasi teknis dan ilmiah sebelumnya, kata Wolf Dieter Lindner, anggota Badan ILO. Dalam sebuah wawancara dengan Informasi ILO ia menekankan bahwa "hanya kecepatan dan ruang lingkup pengembangan teknologi baru yang luar biasa. Namun, aplikasi dan dampaknya pada perekonomian dan tenaga kerja adalah dari karakter evolusi. "
Dalam membahas dampak teknologi baru pada produktivitas dan pekerjaan, kondisi kerja, keterampilan kerja dan pelatihan. Mr Lindner- Direktur Konfederasi Asosiasi Pengusaha Jerman dan Kepala Departemen Kebijakan Sosial Internasional menekankan bahwa pentingnya kemajuan teknis bagi perekonomian terletak terutama dalam kapasitasnya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mengurangi biaya.
Pendahuluan penting
Setelah teknologi baru telah dikembangkan, itu adalah situasi beradaptasi-atau-mati perusahaan dan situasi negara. perkenalannya menjadi penting untuk mempertahankan kinerja ekonomi dan daya saing dan karenanya untuk mempertahankan tingkat kepuasan dari pekerjaan.
Penggunaan teknologi baru membawa perubahan struktural melalui investasi, yang terus-menerus terjadi dalam perekonomian apapun.
Modal yang diinvestasikan dalam mesin dan peralatan selalu mengalami pembaharuan dalam perekonomian, dan dalam proses teknologi baru yang tersedia telah terus-menerus diperkenalkan.
Selain itu, tidak ada alasan untuk menganggap bahwa pengangguran saat ini adalah hasil dari pengenalan teknologi baru. Dalam setiap perekonomian, pekerjaan yang terus-menerus hilang sebagai akibat dari perubahan permintaan dan pasokan, sementara pada saat yang sama pekerjaan baru diciptakan.
Faktor-faktor lain
Dia menjelaskan bahwa kekurangan pekerjaan baru saat ini pada dasarnya karena fakta bahwa dalam beberapa tahun terakhir pelayanan investasi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas yang cukup dan banyak jenis produksi lagi menjadi menguntungkan sebagai akibat dari biaya tenaga kerja terlalu tinggi dan sebagian diambil alih oleh negara berupah rendah.
Alasan utama untuk kurangnya investasi adalah pengembalian yg tidak cukup
dan harapan keuntungan dalam perusahaan maupun intervensi negara dalam
perekonomian, yang mengurangi kapasitas perusahaan untuk bereaksi dalam cara
yang fleksibel untuk mengubah yang terjadi di pasar.
Beralih ke kondisi kerja, Mr Lindner mengatakan bahwa meningkatnya penggunaan teknologi baru akan membawa perubahan yang signifikan dalam organisasi kerja dan isinya dan ia meramalkan tren tertentu yang termasuk penurunan kerja fisik monoton, tidak sehat dan berat sementara tuntutan intelektual akan meningkat dan kesediaan untuk kerja sama tim, bersama dengan peningkatan komunikasi yang saat ini diperlukan, akan memainkan peran yang semakin penting.
|
1. Hostility : ill feeling,dislike
2. Suspicion : distrust;doubtfulness
3. Extraordinary : beciency, beyond hat is usual, unusual
4. Shortage : insufficiency,deficit
|
1. Refer
to the text and decide whether the following statements are true (T) of
false (F).Then, write T rue and F false in the given space.
a.
(T) The resistance to the introduction new
technology exists. (Line 1-3)
b.
(T) According today wolf Dieter Linder, there is
similarity between today technological developments and the past technical and
scientific innovations. (Line 6-9)
c.
(T) The impacts of new technology are
productivity increase and cost decrease. (Line 24-27)
d.
(F) The introduction of new technology can not
maintain economic performance. (Line 31-32)
e.
(F) The introduction of new technology does not
go continually. (Line 41)
f.
(F) government intervention can increase
companies reaction to changes in the market. (Line 60)
g.
(F) The lack of investment is due to lack of
profits. (Line 57-58)
h.
(F) The use of new technology will not create
significant changes in job. (Line 65)
For point I to j, answer the following questions briefly !
i.
What reactions might come to the introduction of
new technology ? It is an adapt or die
situation. (Line 29)
j.
What changes in job organization, and its
content are brought by new technology ?
a reduction in monotonous, unhealthy and
heavy physical labor while intellectual demands will rise and willingness for
teamwork, together with the increased communication that this entails, will
play an increasingly important role.(Line 65)
2. Use the context provided to determine the
probable meanings of the italicized words. Then write down your answer in the
given space.
a.
Workforce
(line 16): From its form and its context,”-its applications and hence the impact
on the economy and the workforce …”-,this word probably mean manpower.
b.
Employment
(line29):From its context,”-productivity and employment, working conditions,
job skills and training …”,this word can mean job.
c.
Sustaining
(line32): From its context,”….for sustaining economic performance and
competitiveness and hence for
maintaining ….”, this word means maintaining.
d.
Constantly
(line46): From what you know about the same word and its form, this word means regularly.
e.
The lack
(line57): From its context ,”The main reasons for the lack of investment were
insufficient returns..”, this word can mean insufficient.
B. Speaking
Questionnaire : ask your group using the following
quistionnair. Then write the result in the given table.
Questionnaire :
1.
Does new technology decrease empolyment?
2.
Does new technology increase empolyment?
3.
Do you think that new technology change job
organization and content?
4.
Do you think that introduction of new technology
require educated people?
5.
Does new technology change our economy?
|
|
Number
|
%
|
|
1. People
interviewed
2. People
say new technology increase empolyment
3. People
say new technology decrease empolyment
4. People
say new technology change job organization
and content
5. People
say introduction of new technology require educated people
6. People
say technology change our economy
|
4
3
1
4
4
4
|
75 %
25 %
100
%
100
%
100
%
|
C.WRITING
1. Compare
what you know about the topic with what you learned about it. Then, write down
in the table below.
|
What you know about the topic
|
What you learned about the topic
|
|
New
technology influences the economic condition of a country.
|
Its
application affect the economy and the workforce are rather of an
evolutionary character.
|
|
The
developments of today’s technology and the earlier technology are different.
|
Essentially
there is no difference between the technological developments which are
changing our lives today and earlier technical and scientific innovations.
|
|
Technology
in an industry is used to increase the production scale.
|
The
importance of technical progress for the economy lies primarily in its
capacity to increase productivity and thus reduce costs.
|
|
Technology
will reduce the use of human resources.
|
There
is no reason to assume that current unemployment is the result of the
introduction of new technology. In every economy, jobs are constantly being
lost as a result of changes in demand and supply, while at the same time new
jobs are being created.
|
2. Work
with your friends in a group of four to discuss what you want to know more
about the topic. Then, put it down in the table below. You can write questions
or statements.
|
What you want to know more about
the topic
|
|
How big is the impact
of technology in the economy compared to other factors?
|
|
When was the start of
the impact of technology on economic field?
|
|
Will the development
of economy influence the development of technology?
|
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